Beginning in the 1960s, the __________ became more bureaucratized, whereas the __________ became more factionalized.

Beginning in the 1960s, the __________ became more bureaucratized, whereas the __________ became more factionalized.

• A. Democratic Party; Republican Party
• B. Major parties; minor parties
• C. Republican Party; minor parties
• D. Republican Party; Democratic Party

Answer: (D)

The trend being tested is how party organizations evolve in structure and internal dynamics. Beginning in the 1960s, the Republican Party built up a more centralized, professional operation with national coordination, a staffed national committee, and formal fundraising networks—habits that make a party more bureaucratized. At the same time, the Democratic Party fractured into competing factions—civil rights activists, labor, liberals, southern and urban coalitions—especially as reforms opened nomination processes to primaries and caucuses, weakening top-down control and giving different groups more influence. This combination fits the idea of a more bureaucratized GOP alongside a more factionalized Democratic Party.

The trend being tested is how party organizations evolve in structure and internal dynamics. Beginning in the 1960s, the Republican Party built up a more centralized, professional operation with national coordination, a staffed national committee, and formal fundraising networks—habits that make a party more bureaucratized. At the same time, the Democratic Party fractured into competing factions—civil rights activists, labor, liberals, southern and urban coalitions—especially as reforms opened nomination processes to primaries and caucuses, weakening top-down control and giving different groups more influence. This combination fits the idea of a more bureaucratized GOP alongside a more factionalized Democratic Party.